The following is a list of commonly used Unix command:
ps - Show process
grep - Search files for text patterns
mailx - Read or send mail
cat - Join files or display them
cut - Select columns for display
awk - Pattern-matching language
df - Show free disk space
Here are some examples of how the DBA uses these commands:
List available instances on a server:
$ ps -ef | grep smon
oracle 21832 1 0 Feb 24 ? 19:05 ora_smon_oradb1
oracle 898 1 0 Feb 15 ? 0:00 ora_smon_oradb2
dliu 25199 19038 0 10:48:57 pts/6 0:00 grep smon
oracle 27798 1 0 05:43:54 ? 0:00 ora_smon_oradb3
oracle 28781 1 0 Mar 03 ? 0:01 ora_smon_oradb4
List available listeners on a server:
$ ps -ef | grep listener | grep -v grep
oracle 23879 1 0 Feb 24 ? 33:36 /8.1.7/bin/tnslsnr listener_db1 -inherit
oracle 27939 1 0 05:44:02 ? 0:00 /8.1.7/bin/tnslsnr listener_db2 -inherit
oracle 23536 1 0 Feb 12 ? 4:19 /8.1.7/bin/tnslsnr listener_db3 -inherit
oracle 28891 1 0 Mar 03 ? 0:01 /8.1.7/bin/tnslsnr listener_db4 -inherit
Find out file system usage for Oracle
archive destination:
$ df -k | grep oraarch
/dev/vx/dsk/proddg/oraarch 71123968 4754872 65850768 7% /u09/oraarch
List number of lines in the alert.log file:
$ cat alert.log | wc -l
2984
List all Oracle error messages from the alert.log file:
$ grep ORA- alert.log
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kcrrrfswda.1], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [1881], [25860496], [25857716], []
A crontab file is comprised of six fields:
Minute
Hour
Day of month
Month
Day of Week
0-59
0-23
1-31
1 - 12
0 - 6, with 0 = Sunday
Unix Command or Shell Scripts
To edit a crontab file, type:
Crontab -e
To view a crontab file, type:
Crontab -l
0 4 * * 5 /dba/admin/analyze_table.ksh
30 3 * * 3,6 /dba/admin/hotbackup.ksh /dev/null 2>&1
In the example above, the first entry shows that a script to analyze a
table runs every Friday at 4:00 a.m. The second entry shows that a
script to perform a hot backup runs every Wednesday and Saturday at
3:00 a.m.
The eight shell scripts provided below cover 90 percent of a DBA's
daily monitoring activities. You will need to modify the UNIX
environment variables as appropriate.
Check Oracle Instance Availability
The oratab file lists all the databases on a server:
$ cat /var/opt/oracle/oratab
###################################################################
## /var/opt/oracle/oratab ##
###################################################################
oradb1:/u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7:Y
oradb2:/u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7:Y
oradb3:/u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7:N
oradb4:/u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7:Y
The following script checks all the databases listed in the oratab file,
and finds out the status (up or down) of databases:
###################################################################
## ckinstance.ksh ##
###################################################################
ORATAB=/var/opt/oracle/oratab
echo "`date` "
echo "Oracle Database(s) Status `hostname` :\n"
db=`egrep -i ":Y|:N" $ORATAB | cut -d":" -f1 | grep -v "\#" | grep -v "\*"`
pslist="`ps -ef | grep pmon`"
for i in $db ; do
echo "$pslist" | grep "ora_pmon_$i" > /dev/null 2>$1
if (( $? )); then
echo "Oracle Instance - $i: Down"
else
echo "Oracle Instance - $i: Up"
fi
done
Use the following to make sure the script is executable:
$ chmod 744 ckinstance.ksh
$ ls -l ckinstance.ksh
-rwxr--r-- 1 oracle dba 657 Mar 5 22:59 ckinstance.ksh*
Here is an instance availability report:
$ ckinstance.ksh
Mon Mar 4 10:44:12 PST 2002
Oracle Database(s) Status for DBHOST server:
Oracle Instance - oradb1: Up
Oracle Instance - oradb2: Up
Oracle Instance - oradb3: Down
Oracle Instance - oradb4: Up
Check Oracle Listener's Availability
A similar script checks for the Oracle listener. If the listener is down,
the script will restart the listener:
#######################################################################
## cklsnr.sh ##
#######################################################################
#!/bin/ksh
DBALIST="primary.dba@company.com,another.dba@company.com";export DBALIST
cd /var/opt/oracle
rm -f lsnr.exist
ps -ef | grep mylsnr | grep -v grep > lsnr.exist
if [ -s lsnr.exist ]
then
echo
else
echo "Alert" | mailx -s "Listener 'mylsnr' on `hostname` is down" $DBALIST
TNS_ADMIN=/var/opt/oracle; export TNS_ADMIN
ORACLE_SID=db1; export ORACLE_SID
ORAENV_ASK=NO; export ORAENV_ASK
PATH=$PATH:/bin:/usr/local/bin; export PATH
. oraenv
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/lib;export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
lsnrctl start mylsnr
fi
Check Alert Logs (ORA-XXXXX)
Some of the environment variables used by each script can be put into
one profile:
#######################################################################
## oracle.profile ##
#######################################################################
EDITOR=vi;export EDITOR ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export
ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/8.1.7; export
ORACLE_HOME LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib; export
LD_LIBRARY_PATH TNS_ADMIN=/var/opt/oracle;export
TNS_ADMIN NLS_LANG=american; export
NLS_LANG NLS_DATE_FORMAT='Mon DD YYYY HH24:MI:SS'; export
NLS_DATE_FORMAT ORATAB=/var/opt/oracle/oratab;export
ORATAB PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/
sbin:/usr/openwin/bin:/opt/bin:.; export
PATH DBALIST="primary.dba@company.com,another.dba@company.com";export
DBALIST
The following script first calls oracle.profile to set up all the
environment variables. The script also sends the DBA a warning e-mail
if it finds any Oracle errors:
####################################################################
## ckalertlog.sh ##
####################################################################
#!/bin/ksh
. /etc/oracle.profile
for SID in `cat $ORACLE_HOME/sidlist`
do
cd $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$SID/bdump
if [ -f alert_${SID}.log ]
then
mv alert_${SID}.log alert_work.log
touch alert_${SID}.log
cat alert_work.log >> alert_${SID}.hist
grep ORA- alert_work.log > alert.err
fi
if [ `cat alert.err|wc -l` -gt 0 ]
then
mailx -s "${SID} ORACLE ALERT ERRORS" $DBALIST < alert.err
fi
rm -f alert.err
rm -f alert_work.log
done
Clean Up Old Archived Logs
The following script cleans up old archive logs if the log file
system reaches 90-percent capacity:
$ df -k | grep arch
Filesystem kbytes used avail capacity Mounted on
/dev/vx/dsk/proddg/archive 71123968 30210248 40594232 43% /u08/archive
#######################################################################
## clean_arch.ksh ##
#######################################################################
#!/bin/ksh
df -k | grep arch > dfk.result
archive_filesystem=`awk -F" " '{ print $6 }' dfk.result`
archive_capacity=`awk -F" " '{ print $5 }' dfk.result`
if [[ $archive_capacity > 90% ] ]
then
echo "Filesystem ${archive_filesystem} is ${archive_capacity} filled"
# try one of the following option depend on your need
find $archive_filesystem -type f -mtime +2 -exec rm -r {} \;
tar
rman
fi
Analyze Tables and Indexes (for Better Performance)
Below, I have shown an example on how to pass parameters to a script:
####################################################################
## analyze_table.sh ##
####################################################################
#!/bin/ksh #
input parameter: 1: password # 2: SID if (($#<1)) then echo "Please enter
'oracle'
user password as the first parameter !" exit 0 fi if (($#<2)) then echo
"Please enter
instance name as the second parameter!" exit 0 fi
To execute the script with parameters, type:
$ analyze_table.sh manager oradb1
The first part of script generates a file analyze.sql, which contains
the syntax for analyzing table. The second part of script analyzes all
the tables:
#####################################################################
## analyze_table.sh ##
#####################################################################
sqlplus -s <<!
oracle/$1@$2
set heading off
set feed off
set pagesize 200
set linesize 100
spool analyze_table.sql
select 'ANALYZE TABLE ' | owner | '.' | segment_name |
' ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;'
from dba_segments
where segment_type = 'TABLE'
and owner not in ('SYS', 'SYSTEM');
spool off
exit
!
sqlplus -s <<!
oracle/$1@$2
@./analyze_table.sql
exit
!
Here is an example of analyze.sql:
$ cat analyze.sql
ANALYZE TABLE HIRWIN.JANUSAGE_SUMMARY ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;
ANALYZE TABLE HIRWIN.JANUSER_PROFILE ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;
ANALYZE TABLE APPSSYS.HIST_SYSTEM_ACTIVITY ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;
ANALYZE TABLE HTOMEH.QUEST_IM_VERSION ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;
ANALYZE TABLE JSTENZEL.HIST_SYS_ACT_0615 ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;
ANALYZE TABLE JSTENZEL.HISTORY_SYSTEM_0614 ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;
ANALYZE TABLE JSTENZEL.CALC_SUMMARY3 ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;
ANALYZE TABLE IMON.QUEST_IM_LOCK_TREE ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;
ANALYZE TABLE APPSSYS.HIST_USAGE_SUMMARY ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;
ANALYZE TABLE PATROL.P$LOCKCONFLICTTX ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;
Check Tablespace Usage
This scripts checks for tablespace usage. If tablespace is 10 percent
free, it will send an alert e-mail.
#####################################################################
## ck_tbsp.sh ##
#####################################################################
#!/bin/ksh
sqlplus -s <<!
oracle/$1@$2
set feed off
set linesize 100
set pagesize 200
spool tablespace.alert
SELECT F.TABLESPACE_NAME,
TO_CHAR ((T.TOTAL_SPACE - F.FREE_SPACE),'999,999') "USED (MB)",
TO_CHAR (F.FREE_SPACE, '999,999') "FREE (MB)",
TO_CHAR (T.TOTAL_SPACE, '999,999') "TOTAL (MB)",
TO_CHAR ((ROUND ((F.FREE_SPACE/T.TOTAL_SPACE)*100)),'999')| ' %' PER_FREE
FROM (
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,
ROUND (SUM (BLOCKS*(SELECT VALUE/1024
FROM V\$PARAMETER
WHERE NAME = 'db_block_size')/1024)
) FREE_SPACE
FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE
GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME
) F,
(
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,
ROUND (SUM (BYTES/1048576)) TOTAL_SPACE
FROM DBA_DATA_FILES
GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME
) T
WHERE F.TABLESPACE_NAME = T.TABLESPACE_NAME
AND (ROUND ((F.FREE_SPACE/T.TOTAL_SPACE)*100)) < 10;
spool off
exit
!
if [ `cat tablespace.alert|wc -l` -gt 0 ]
then
cat tablespace.alert -l tablespace.alert > tablespace.tmp
mailx -s "TABLESPACE ALERT for ${2}" $DBALIST < tablespace.tmp
fi
An example of the alert mail output is as follows:
TABLESPACE_NAME USED (MB) FREE (MB) TOTAL (MB) PER_FREE
------------------- --------- ----------- ------------------- ------------------
SYSTEM 2,047 203 2,250 9 %
STBS01 302 25 327 8 %
STBS02 241 11 252 4 %
STBS03 233 19 252 8 %
Find Out Invalid Database Objects
The following finds out invalid database objects:
#####################################################################
## invalid_object_alert.sh ##
#####################################################################
#!/bin/ksh
. /etc/oracle.profile
sqlplus -s <<!
oracle/$1@$2
set feed off
set heading off
column object_name format a30
spool invalid_object.alert
SELECT OWNER, OBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_TYPE, STATUS
FROM DBA_OBJECTS
WHERE STATUS = 'INVALID'
ORDER BY OWNER, OBJECT_TYPE, OBJECT_NAME;
spool off
exit
!
if [ `cat invalid_object.alert|wc -l` -gt 0 ]
then
mailx -s "INVALID OBJECTS for ${2}" $DBALIST < invalid_object.alert
fi
$ cat invalid_object.alert
OWNER OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE STATUS
----------------------------------------------------------------------
HTOMEH DBMS_SHARED_POOL PACKAGE BODY INVALID
HTOMEH X_$KCBFWAIT VIEW INVALID
IMON IW_MON PACKAGE INVALID
IMON IW_MON PACKAGE BODY INVALID
IMON IW_ARCHIVED_LOG VIEW INVALID
IMON IW_FILESTAT VIEW INVALID
IMON IW_SQL_FULL_TEXT VIEW INVALID
IMON IW_SYSTEM_EVENT1 VIEW INVALID
IMON IW_SYSTEM_EVENT_CAT VIEW INVALID
LBAILEY CHECK_TABLESPACE_USAGE PROCEDURE INVALID
PATROL P$AUTO_EXTEND_TBSP VIEW INVALID
SYS DBMS_CRYPTO_TOOLKIT PACKAGE INVALID
SYS DBMS_CRYPTO_TOOLKIT PACKAGE BODY INVALID
SYS UPGRADE_SYSTEM_TYPES_TO_816 PROCEDURE INVALID
SYS AQ$_DEQUEUE_HISTORY_T TYPE INVALID
SYS HS_CLASS_CAPS VIEW INVALID
SYS HS_CLASS_DD VIEW INVALID
This script sends out an alert e-mail if dead lock occurs:
###################################################################
## deadlock_alert.sh ##
###################################################################
#!/bin/ksh
. /etc/oracle.profile
sqlplus -s <<!
oracle/$1@$2
set feed off
set heading off
spool deadlock.alert
SELECT SID, DECODE(BLOCK, 0, 'NO', 'YES' ) BLOCKER,
DECODE(REQUEST, 0, 'NO','YES' ) WAITER
FROM V$LOCK
WHERE REQUEST > 0 OR BLOCK > 0
ORDER BY block DESC;
spool off
exit
!
if [ `cat deadlock.alert|wc -l` -gt 0 ]
then
mailx -s "DEADLOCK ALERT for ${2}" $DBALIST < deadlock.alert
fi
Conclusion
0,20,40 7-17 * * 1-5 /dba/scripts/ckinstance.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
0,20,40 7-17 * * 1-5 /dba/scripts/cklsnr.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
0,20,40 7-17 * * 1-5 /dba/scripts/ckalertlog.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
30 * * * 0-6 /dba/scripts/clean_arch.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
* 5 * * 1,3 /dba/scripts/analyze_table.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
* 5 * * 0-6 /dba/scripts/ck_tbsp.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
* 5 * * 0-6 /dba/scripts/invalid_object_alert.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
0,20,40 7-17 * * 1-5 /dba/scripts/deadlock_alert.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
Now my DBA friends, you can have more uninterrupted sleep at night.
You may also have time for more important things such as performance
tuning.
References
Unix in a Nutshell, O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.;
"Using Oracle9i Application Server to Build Your Web-Based
Database Monitoring Tool," Daniel T. Liu; Select Magazine -
November 2001 Volume 8, No. 1;
"Net8: A Step-by-Step Setup of Oracle Names Server," Daniel T.
Liu; Oracle Open World 2000, Paper#271.
I would also like to acknowledge the assistance of Johnny Wedekind
of ADP, Ann Collins, Larry Bailey, Husam Tomeh and Archana Sharma
of FARES.
No comments:
Post a Comment